You now understand how slashes, netmasks, and IP
You now understand how slashes, netmasks, and IP address assignments work together and how, for example, a /28 has 16 IP addresses. Unfortunately, you cannot use all of the IP addresses in a block. The first IP address in any block is the network number. It’s used for internal bookkeeping. Similarly, the last number in any block of IP addresses is the broadcast address. According to the IP specifications, every machine on a network is supposed to respond to a request to this address. This allows you to ping the broadcast address and quickly determine which IP addresses are in use. For example, on a typical /24 network, the broadcast address is x.y.z.255. In the late 1990s, however, this feature was turned into an attack technique. It’s now disabled by default on most operating systems, including OpenBSD. In any case, the point is that you cannot assign either the first or last IP address in a network to an interface without causing some problems on the network. Some systems will fail gracefully; others will not. Go ahead, try it sometime preferably after hours, when the network is not in use. [4] [3]Yes, you could say that the decimal numbers are easiest to work with in all cases. But that would just show that you aren’t a real computer person and possibly get you burned at the stake. [4]Or during peak usage hours, if you want a good story to tell at your next job. Page 167
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