Similarity measures

93

where si1 and si2 are the abundances of species i in samples 1 and 2

respectively

17.25 Mean Character Difference (Czekanowski)

This is the mean species difference:

where si1 and si2 are the abundances of species i in samples 1 and 2

respectively.

17.26 Whittaker

Whittaker s index of association is designed for species abundance data as the

abundance of each species in a sample is expressed as the fraction of the total

number of individuals in the sample. The distance measure calculated by CAP is

the complement of Whittaker s association index and is given by:

where si1 and si2 are the abundances of species i in samples 1 and 2

respectively

17.27 Canberra

Lance & Williams (1967) introduced this variant of the Manhattan metric

calculated as follows:

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